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无人机(UAV)凭借三维机动性与俯视视角,已成为智能交通系统(ITS)地面感知的关键补充。然而,航拍图像存在小目标密集、尺度漂移、透视畸变及环境域偏移等问题,给高精度检测带来挑战。聚焦智能交通场景下的无人机航拍目标检测技术,系统梳理其演进脉络、剖析核心技术并总结应用实践成果:(1)从传统特征工程方法到深度学习的两阶段、单阶段及Transformer式检测框架的演进历程,系统归纳面向ITS的典型数据集,并深入解析网络结构优化、训练策略改进、轻量化部署及RGB-红外多模态融合等关键技术;(2)全面总结无人机目标检测在交通流量监测与管理、交通安全主动防控、交通违法智能识别与执法、基础设施动态巡检等核心场景的应用现状与效能提升;(3)进一步凝练当前研究的局限性,指出任务定义与评测目标偏离、数据覆盖不均衡、跨场景泛化能力不足等瓶颈问题,并对未来研究方向进行了展望与探讨。
Abstract:Having three-dimensional(3D) moving ability and an air high-angle view, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) have appeared as an unreplaceable complement to ground sensing technologies in the area of Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS). Even so, the aerial image data brings very obvious difficulties to high-accuracy object detection, which include the dense arrangement of tiny targets, size change, visual angle deformation, and environment domain transformation. This review focuses on UAV-based object detection technology in intelligent transportation scenes, this paper systematically reviews its development path, analyzes key technical problems and progress, and sums up application results, as follows in detail:(1) It follows the development course of UAV object detection technologies, from traditional manual feature engineering approaches to deep learning-based frameworks—including two-stage, single-stage, and Transformer-based detection structures. Typical data collections which are custom made for ITS situations are carried out systematic classification, and core technical directions are analyzed deeply, including network frame optimization, training method promotion, light-weight arrangement technology, and RGB-infrared multi-model combination methods.(2) It makes overall induction of the present applying situation and performance promotion of UAV object detection in core intelligent transportation scenes, for example traffic flow monitoring and management, initiative traffic safety prevention and control, intelligent identification and law execution of traffic breaking rules, and dynamic checking of transportation infrastructure foundations.(3)It further makes more precise the restrictions of current studies, pointing out key difficult points such as the non-consistency between task definition and assessment targets, uneven data covering among different situations, and the absence of universal capability under complicated environment conditions.
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基本信息:
DOI:10.13291/j.cnki.djdxac.2026.03.001
中图分类号:U495;TP391.41
引用信息:
[1]贾世杰,张惠迪.面向智能交通的无人机航拍目标检测技术综述[J].大连交通大学学报,2026,47(03):1-17.DOI:10.13291/j.cnki.djdxac.2026.03.001.
基金信息:
辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(LJKMZ20220826); 辽宁省交通厅科技计划项目(SZJT19)
2026-02-05
2026
2026-03-08
2026-03-12
2026
1
2026-06-09
2026-06-09
2026-06-09