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橡胶弹簧被广泛应用于轨道车辆的高频隔振、冲击缓解及弹性定位等关键部位，因此其力学模型对于橡胶弹簧的参数设计以及车辆运行中的动力学性能预测具有重要的意义。国内外针对橡胶弹簧等效力学模型和有限元模型，已从最初仅能简单表征静态黏弹性力学行为，发展至如今可较好地描述其随外部载荷条件变化的非线性动态特性；同时，神经网络模型也在相关研究中被逐步应用于橡胶弹簧力学特性的预测。但等效力学模型和有限元模型难以兼顾结构尺寸与非线性力学特性，而神经网络模型缺乏具体物理意义。基于此，提出有限元神经网络模型是橡胶弹簧力学模型的发展方向，该模型既能更准确地表征橡胶弹簧动态特性对车辆动力学性能的影响，也能为橡胶弹簧的研制提供指导。
Abstract：Rubber springs are widely used in key parts of rail vehicles such as high-frequency vibration isolation, shock mitigation and elastic positioning. Therefore, the mechanical model of rubber springs is of great significance for the parameter design of rubber springs and the prediction of dynamic performance during vehicle operation. At home and abroad, the equivalent mechanical model and finite element model of rubber springs have developed from the initial simple characterization of static viscoelastic mechanical behavior to the current better description of their nonlinear dynamic characteristics under changing external load conditions. Meanwhile, neural network models have also been gradually applied in the prediction of mechanical properties of rubber springs in related research. However, the equivalent mechanical model and finite element model are difficult to balance structural dimensions and nonlinear mechanical characteristics, while neural network models lack specific physical meaning. Then, the prospect is put forward that the finite element neural network model is the development direction of the mechanical model of rubber springs. This model can not only more accurately characterize the influence of the dynamic characteristics of rubber springs on the dynamic performance of vehicles, but also provide guidance for the development of rubber springs.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13291/j.cnki.djdxac.2026.01.001
中图分类号:U270.33
引用信息:
[1]池茂儒,周荻,代亮成,等.橡胶弹簧力学模型的发展[J].大连交通大学学报,2026,47(01):1-12+25.DOI:10.13291/j.cnki.djdxac.2026.01.001.
基金信息:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2682024CX047)
2025-05-13
2025
2025-07-02
2025
1
2026-01-26
2026-01-26
2026-01-26