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利用拓扑与尺寸优化技术，研究动车组复合材料车体连接铆钉的强度问题。根据复合材料和铆钉承载特点建立某动车组复合材料车体强度分析模型；依据BS EN 12663-2014和TB/T 3451—2016标准确定了车体工作载荷，并在工作载荷下对车体进行强度分析，确定铆钉连接强度冗余区域为侧墙和头罩与底架区域；以这两个区域的铆钉作为设计变量，以加权柔度最小为目标函数，体积分数为约束条件进行铆钉布局优化，获得铆钉的新布局；以新布局铆钉尺寸为设计变量，以质量最小为目标函数，以铆钉所受轴向力和横向剪切力作为约束条件进行铆钉尺寸优化。优化后侧墙与底架连接区域铆钉总数量减少19.91%,铆钉直径由4.8 mm减小为4.0 mm;头罩与底架连接区域铆钉总数量减少26.60%,直径最大减小50%。优化后车体刚度和模态均满足设计要求，铆钉最大失效因子为0.629,满足铆钉强度设计要求。
Abstract：Using topology and size optimization technology, the strength of connecting rivets of composite car body of EMU is studied. According to the bearing characteristics of composite materials and rivets, the strength analysis model of composite car body of an EMU is established. According to BS EN 12663-2014 and TB/T 3451—2016 standards, the working load of the car body is determined, and the strength of the car body is analyzed under the working load. The redundant area of rivet connection strength is determined as the side wall and the hood and underframe area; taking the rivets in these two regions as the design variables, the minimum weighted flexibility as the objective function, and the volume fraction as the constraint condition, the rivet layout optimization is carried out to obtain the new layout of the rivets. The rivet size of the new layout is taken as the design variable, the minimum mass is taken as the objective function, and the axial force and transverse shear force of the rivet are taken as the constraint conditions to optimize the rivet size. After optimization, the total number of rivets in the connection area between the side wall and the underframe is reduced by 19.91 %, and the diameter of rivets is reduced from 4.8 mm to 4.0 mm. The total number of rivets in the connection area between the head cover and the chassis is reduced by 26.60 %, and the maximum diameter is reduced by 50 %. After optimization, the stiffness and mode of the car body meet the design requirements, and the maximum failure factor of the rivet is 0.629, which meets the strength design requirements of rivet.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13291/j.cnki.djdxac.2026.03.005
中图分类号:U266
引用信息:
[1]谢素明,胡志远,王彦翔,等.动车组车体复合材料承载部件连接铆钉的布局及尺寸优化[J].大连交通大学学报,2026,47(03):45-53.DOI:10.13291/j.cnki.djdxac.2026.03.005.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4301203-02)
2024-08-09
2024
2024-09-03
2024-09-15
2024
1
2026-06-10
2026-06-10
2026-06-10