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随着电动公交车的广泛应用，充电场站的选址与定容问题严重影响了电动公交充电效率和公交企业成本。电动公交充电场站的选址布局和电池容量配置，对提升公交运营效率、降低充电成本、缓解电网压力具有重要意义。为解决上述问题，构建了充电场站选址算法和容量配置规划模型。首先，将动态调整渐进覆盖函数引入近邻传播聚类算法，使集中补电的充电场站及其服务站点的确定更为灵活；其次，创新性地把机会充电策略和电池容量衰减模型加入容量配置规划模型，建立了以公交企业固定成本、含机会充电成本的充电成本和含电池惩罚成本的运营惩罚成本最小化为目标的优化模型，并利用CBC求解器进行求解；最后，以沈阳市部分公交线网为例，明确了充电场站布局及各站点充电桩配置数量，并通过不同充电功率与环境温度下的灵敏度测试验证了模型的可靠性。结果表明，利用机会充电策略和电池容量衰减模型，可显著降低综合成本至1.13亿元，同时将电池使用寿命提升4.5%,为城市电动公交充电网络建设提供理论依据和实践参考。
Abstract：With the wide application of electric buses,the location selection and capacity determination of charging stations have significantly affected the charging efficiency of electric buses and the costs of bus companies. The layout of charging stations and the capacity configuration for electric buses are of great significance in improving the operational efficiency of public transportation,reducing charging costs,and alleviating the pressure on the power grid. To address these issues,a charging station location algorithm and a capacity configuration planning model have been developed. Firstly,the dynamic adjustment progressive coverage function was introduced into the affinity propagation clustering algorithm,making the determination of centralized charging stations and their served bus stops more flexible. Secondly,the opportunity charging strategy and the battery capacity attenuation model were innovatively incorporated into the capacity configuration planning model,establishing an optimization model with the objective of minimizing the fixed costs of the bus company,the charging costs including opportunity charging,and the operational battery degradation cost including battery penalty costs. The CBC solver was used to solve the model. Finally,taking a part of the bus network in Shenyang as an example,the layout of charging stations and the number of charging piles at each station were determined. The reliability of the model was verified through sensitivity tests under different charging powers and environmental temperatures. The results show that by using the opportunity charging strategy and the battery capacity attenuation model,the comprehensive cost can be significantly reduced to 113 million yuan,and the battery life can be increased by 4.5%,providing a theoretical basis and practical reference for the construction of urban electric bus charging networks.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13291/j.cnki.djdxac.2026.04.003
中图分类号:U491.8
引用信息:
[1]王宇,于括,张然,等.考虑机会充电与电池容量衰减的电动公交充电场站选址定容规划[J].大连交通大学学报,2026,47(04):19-27.DOI:10.13291/j.cnki.djdxac.2026.04.003.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(72404046); 辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2023-MS-273)
2026-08-17
2026-08-17
2026-08-17