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现行公路纵坡设计标准主要依据燃油车辆性能参数制定，难以充分反映纯电动汽车在坡道行驶过程中所呈现的能耗变化与速度衰减特征。针对该问题构建了基于CarSim与Matlab/Simulink联合仿真模型，量化分析其在不同纵坡、坡长、设计速度组合下的能耗水平与速度衰减特性。在此基础上，提出了一种综合考虑能耗与速度衰减影响的高速公路纵坡设计指标限值方法，以电机效率最高时的坡度所对应的车辆平衡速度作为基准，设定适当的速度衰减限值，实现纵坡设计在保障车辆运行安全性的同时，最大程度提升动力系统能量转换效率，为高速公路与机场高速等特殊用途道路的规划设计与改扩建工程提供参考。
Abstract：Current freeway longitudinal slope design standards are primarily based on the performance characteristics of internal combustion engine vehicles and fail to adequately capture the energy consumption patterns and speed attenuation behavior of battery electric vehicles during slope driving. This study establishes a co-simulation model using CarSim and Matlab/Simulink to quantitatively analyze the energy consumption and speed reduction characteristics of electric vehicles under various combinations of slope gradient, slope length, and design speed. Based on the simulation results, a longitudinal slope design threshold method is proposed that simultaneously considers energy efficiency and speed attenuation. Taking the equilibrium speed corresponding to the slope with the highest motor efficiency as the reference, an acceptable limit of speed reduction is set to ensure driving safety while maximizing energy conversion efficiency of the powertrain. The proposed method provides technical guidance for the planning, design, and reconstruction of freeways primarily serving electric vehicles, particularly for dedicated passenger car freeways and specialized routes such as airport expressways.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13291/j.cnki.djdxac.2026.03.003
中图分类号:U412.366
引用信息:
[1]蔡小溪,胡林涛,裴玉龙.基于电动汽车性能的高速公路纵坡与坡长限值研究[J].大连交通大学学报,2026,47(03):28-35.DOI:10.13291/j.cnki.djdxac.2026.03.003.
基金信息:
黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(JD22A014)
2025-03-15
2025
2025-05-22
2025-06-02
2025
1
2026-06-09
2026-06-09
2026-06-09