| 28 | 0 | 23 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
为研究火灾场景下的人员疏散规律，建立基于FDS+CA的火灾疏散模型。首先，利用FDS开展火灾数值模拟，将火灾产物实时数据加载至CA模型，实现火灾环境对人员疏散行为的持续约束；其次，以地下商业街为研究对象进行仿真模拟，结合蒙特卡洛模拟对不同场景下的火灾蔓延情况和人员疏散结果进行分析。研究表明，火源位置是影响人员疏散效率的关键因素，火源靠近疏散出口时局部疏散失效风险大幅提升，疏散滞留人数显著增加；火源热释放与烟气扩散会导致周围疏散路径失效，部分出口无法达到人员疏散条件，从而延长整体疏散时间。受空间布局影响，烟气扩散速度存在显著差异，低矮障碍物区域烟气蔓延尤为迅速；在封闭地下空间内，机械排烟系统能有效降低烟气浓度，提升疏散效率。研究结果可为地下商业街火灾场景下的人员疏散和防火设计提供参考。
Abstract：To study the evacuation patterns of people in fire scenarios,a fire evacuation model based on FDS+CA was established. Firstly,FDS was used to conduct numerical simulations of fires,and the real-time data of fire dynamics were loaded into the CA model to continuously reflect the impact of the fire environment on the evacuation behavior of people. Secondly,a simulation was conducted with an underground commercial street as the research object,and the fire spread and evacuation results under different scenarios were analyzed in combination with Monte Carlo simulation. The research shows that the location of the fire source is a key factor affecting the evacuation efficiency of people. When the fire source is close to the evacuation exit,the risk of local evacuation failure increases significantly,and the number of trapped in the area increases significantly. The heat release and smoke diffusion of the fire source can cause the failure of surrounding evacuation paths,and some exits cannot meet the evacuation conditions,thereby prolonging the overall evacuation time. Due to the influence of spatial layout,the speed of smoke diffusion varies significantly,and the smoke spreads particularly rapidly in areas with low obstacles. In a closed underground space,a mechanical smoke exhaust system can effectively reduce the smoke concentration and improve the evacuation efficiency. The research results can provide references for the evacuation and fire protection design of underground commercial streets in fire scenarios.
[1]雷鸣，杨民，高复阳，等.基于Pyrosim和Pathfinder的高校实验楼火灾疏散安全性分析与优化[J].安全与环境工程，2023,30(3):36-44.LEI M,YANG M,GAO F Y,et al.Safety analysis and optimization of fire evacuation in college experimental buildings based on Pyrosim and Pathfinder[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2023,30(3):36-44.
[2]LI X J,CHEN W B,CHEN R X,et al.Evacuation-path-selection model of real-time fire diffusion in urban underground complexes[J].Computers & Industrial Engineering,2023,177:109014.
[3]王桂芬，张宪立，阎卫东.建筑物火灾中人员行为EXODUS模拟的研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术，2011,7(8):67-72.WANG G F,ZHANG X L,YAN W D.Building fire behavior modeling of EXODUS[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2011,7(8):67-72.
[4]韩帅，肖磊，李鸿烨，等.地下商业建筑火灾人员安全疏散模拟研究[J].消防科学与技术，2018,37(7):910-914.HAN S,XIAO L,LI H Y,et al.Simulation research on safety evacuation in the underground commercial building fire[J].Fire Science and Technology,2018,37(7):910-914.
[5]萨木哈尔·波拉提，邹馨捷，郝明，等.基于元胞自动机的人员疏散模型探讨[J].安全与环境工程，2020,27(5):122-127.BOLATI S,ZOU X J,HAO M,et al.Discussion on the evacuation model of personnel based on cellular automata[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2020,27(5):122-127.
[6]ZHANG Y X,YAN Z G,ZHU H H,et al.Experimental investigation of pedestrian evacuation using an extra-long steep-slope evacuation path in a high altitude tunnel fire[J].Sustainable Cities and Society,2019,46:101423.
[7]ZHENG Y,JIA B,LI X G,et al.Evacuation dynamics considering pedestrians’ movement behavior change with fire and smoke spreading[J].Safety Science,2017,92:180-189.
[8]黄昕，靳健，林作忠，等.基于A*算法的深部地下空间火灾疏散路径动态规划[J].北京工业大学学报，2021,47(7):702-709.HUANG X,JIN J,LIN Z Z,et al.Dynamic evacuation path planning for fire disaster of deep underground space based on A* algorithm[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2021,47(7):702-709.
[9]谢秉磊，周立，赵金秋.恐慌情绪和疏散行为交互影响的地铁站火灾疏散仿真方法[J].中国安全生产科学技术，2024,20(3):20-25.XIE B L,ZHOU L,ZHAO J Q.Simulation method of evacuation in subway station fire under interaction of panic emotions and evacuation behavior[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2024,20(3):20-25.
[10]曹笛，张麒麟，范晔，等.地下商业街典型空间火灾疏散研究[J].地下空间与工程学报，2024,20(5):1730-1737.CAO D,ZHANG Q L,FAN Y,et al.Fire evacuation study in typical space of underground commercial street[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2024,20(5):1730-1737.
[11]李超，李宇飞，霍非舟，等.基于FDS和元胞自动机动态耦合的火灾疏散模型[J].计算机应用研究，2022,39(9):2768-2772.LI C,LI Y F,HUO F Z,et al.Fire evacuation model based on dynamic coupling of FDS and cellular automata[J].Application Research of Computers,2022,39(9):2768-2772.
[12]VON NEUMANN J,BURKS A W.Theory ofself-reproducing automata[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1966.
[13]ZHAO D L,YANG L Z,LI J.Exit dynamics of occupant evacuation in an emergency[J].Physica A:Statistical Mechanics andIts Applications,2006,363(2):501-511.
[14]李文，卢雪松，王浩然，等.基于CA模型的突发事件下液氨厂区人员疏散模拟研究[J].灾害学，2023,38(2):171-177.LI W,LU X S,WANG H R,et al.Simulation of evacuation in liquid ammonia plant under emergency based on CA model[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2023,38(2):171-177.
[15]霍非舟，吕紫含，李超，等.考虑结伴行为的养老场所多群体人员疏散研究[J].灾害学，2024,39(3):153-159.HUO F Z,LYU Z H,LI C,et al.A study on multi-group evacuation in nursing home considering group behavior[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2024,39(3):153-159.
[16]KIRCHNER A,SCHADSCHNEIDER A.Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics[J].Physica A:Statistical Mechanics andIts Applications,2002,312(1/2):260-276.
[17]NISHINARI K,KIRCHNER A,NAMAZI A,et al.Extended floor field CA model for evacuation dynamics[J].IEICE Transactions on Information & Systems D,2004,87(3):726-732.
[18]LI Q,LIU Q H,ZHANG H,et al.Concentration distribution and hazard of toxic gases in fire smoke[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2003,12(3):69-74.
[19]江雨燕，刘军.基于元胞自动机的普通超市火灾疏散模型的构建[J].计算机应用研究，2019,36(11):3330-3333.JIANG Y Y,LIU J.Construction of fire evacuation model for ordinary supermarket based on cellular automata[J].Application Research of Computers,2019,36(11):3330-3333.
[20]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部，中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准：GB 51251—2017[S].北京：中国计划出版社，2017.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.Technical standard for smoke management systems in buildings:GB51251-2017[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2017.
[21]张孝春，陈林杰，周舸尧，等.耦合烟气与蒙特卡罗的隧道火灾疏散及其优化[J].中国安全科学学报，2023,33(12):167-175.ZHANG X C,CHEN L J,ZHOU G Y,et al.Coupling smoke information and Monte Carlo simulation for evacuation of tunnel fires and its optimization[J].China Safety Science Journal,2023,33(12):167-175.
基本信息:
DOI：10.13291/j.cnki.djdxac.2026.04.004
中图分类号:TU998.1
引用信息:
[1]石剑云,王莹,任轶华.基于FDS+CA耦合模型的地下商业街火灾动态疏散模拟[J].大连交通大学学报,2026,47(04):28-36.DOI:10.13291/j.cnki.djdxac.2026.04.004.
基金信息:
辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(LJKQZ20222462)
2026-08-17
2026-08-17
2026-08-17